Gān
Pīnyīn:
The
Modern
Standard
Mandarin
Pronunciation
System Gān
Pīnyīn
is
the
modern
standard
Mandarin
pronunciation
system
in
mainland
China.
It
was
developed
in
the
1950s
and
adopted
by
the
government
in
1958
as
the
official
way
to
transcribe
Mandarin
Chinese
sounds
into
the
Latin
alphabet.
The
system
is
based
on
the
phonology
of
Beijing
Mandarin,
which
is
the
prestige
dialect
of
Mandarin
spoken
in
the
capital
city. Gān
Pīnyīn
consists
of
21
initials,
36
finals,
and
4
tones.
The
initials
are
the
consonants
that
can
be
put
at
the
beginning
of
a
syllable,
such
as
b,
p,
m,
f,
d,
t,
n,
l,
g,
k,
h,
j,
q,
x,
zh,
ch,
sh,
r,
z,
c,
and
s.
The
finals
are
the
vowels
and
diphthongs
that
can
be
put
at
the
end
of
a
syllable,
such
as
a,
o,
e,
i,
u,
ü,
ai,
ei,
ao,
ou,
ia,
ie,
iao,
iu,
ua,
uo,
uai,
ui,
üe,
an,
en,
ang,
eng,
ian,
in,
iang,
ing,
uan,
un,
uang,
ong.
The
tones
are
the
pitch
contours
that
can
change
the
meaning
of
a
word,
such
as
mā
(mother),
má
(hemp),
mǎ
(horse),
and
mà
(to
sc「了解更多 生肖配对常识请关注 :99星座知识网,wWw.alM99.COm〕old). Gān
Pīnyīn
has
several
advantages
over
other
Chinese
romanization
systems.
First,
it
has
a
one-to-one
correspondence
between
the
sounds
and
the
letters,
so
it
is
easy
to
learn
and
use.
Second,
it
is
adaptable
to
all
Mandarin
dialects,
not
just
Beijing
Mandarin,
because
it
uses
a
standardized
set
of
phonemes.
Third,
it
is
widely
recognized
and
used
internationally,
so
it
facilitates
communication
between
Mandarin
speakers
and
learners. Gān
Pīnyīn
is
an
essential
tool
for
anyone
who
wants
to
learn
to
speak,
read,
and
write
Mandarin
Chinese.
It
is
used
in
schools,
textbooks,
dictionaries,
and
language
courses
worldwide.
It
is
also
an
important
part
of
the
cultural
identity
of
China,
as
it
represents
the
modernization
and
standardization
of
the
Chinese
language.